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Matthew, J. O.
Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
Braide, S. L.
Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering, Rivers State University, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Amadi, H. N.
Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering, Rivers State University, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Growing demand for clean energy and
environmental sustainability has driven the shift from fossil fuels to reliable
renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. This study presents a
comparative techno-economic feasibility analysis of four hybrid grid-connected
configurations—Grid–Diesel (Scenario I, represents a conventional system),
Grid–Diesel–Battery (Scenario II, representing the existing system),
Grid–Diesel–PV (Scenario III), and Grid–Diesel PV–Battery (Scenario IV)—for
meeting the load demand of the Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) office unit at
Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, using HOMER software. The assessment
used the net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), renewable fractions
(RF), and emissions to identify PV–Battery–Grid configuration of scenario IV as
the optimal solution, the NPC (₦2.92M), LCOE (₦14.21/kWh), and presented
the lowest emission at 213 kg/yr than the other scenarios. In contrast,
Scenarios I and II optimal solutions were found the least favourable, with an
NPC of ₦12.0M, LCOE of ₦57.0/kWh and ₦11.4M, LCOE of ₦57.0/kWh respectively.
Sensitivity analysis considering diesel price and solar insolation variations
confirmed the robustness of Scenario IV, demonstrating its viability as a
reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy solution for
educational facilities.
Keywords: Net present cost, optimal solution, systems, lowest levelised cost of energy, hybrid
https://doi.org/10.33922/j.ujet_v12i1_7
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View: 8 | Download: 1
Published
Saturday, February 21, 2026
Issue
Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2026
Article Section
GENERAL
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