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Ukoha-Onuoha, E.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Anucha, C.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Oji, P.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oruworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study examined the quality of coastal groundwater
in Borokiri, Port Harcourt, using the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index
(WA-WQI) and the Entropy Weighted Water Quality Index (EWWQI). Raw and treated
water samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and microbiological
parameters, including pH, turbidity, colour, total dissolved solids (TDS),
electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, and chloride (), sulphate (), Iron , Manganese , Nitrate ), fecal coliform, and E.coli. Results showed that
only 38% of the raw water parameters conformed to the Nigeria
Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ)
guidelines. Treatment resulted in improved water quality, increasing the number
of parameters that conformed to the NSDWQ guidelines by 24%. Microbial
parameters, including E. coli and fecal coliforms, also conformed to NSDWQ
guidelines, as they were not detectable. The raw and treated water received
good (39.87) and excellent (14.45) ratings from WA-WQI while EWWQI categorized
them as very poor (332.40) and medium (135.26), indicating a difference in
methods. Analysis of dominant pollutants for both indices highlighted
turbidity, colour, and Mn for WA-WQI and colour, turbidity, EC, TDS, and
chloride for EWWQI. The findings show that EWWQI provides a more comprehensive
assessment for coastal aquifers with multiple exceedances of acceptable limits.
Keywords: Dominant Pollutants, Water Quality Indices, Coastal Aquifers, Salt Water Intrusion, Acceptable limits
https://doi.org/10.33922/j.ujet_v11i2_12
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Published
Monday, July 14, 2025
Issue
Vol. 11 No. 2, December 2025
Article Section
GENERAL
The contents of the articles are the sole opinion of the author(s) and not of UJET.
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