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Oguanobi, C. N.
Chemical Engineering Department, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Onukwuli, O. D.
Chemical Engineering Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State Nigeria.
Ezeugo, J. O.
Chemical Engineering Department, Chukwuemeka Odimegwu Ojukwu University , Anambra State Nigeria.
Nnaji, P. C.
Chemical Engineering Department, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Ude, C. N.
Chemical Engineering Department, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Egbosiuba, T. C.
Chemical Engineering Department, Chukwuemeka Odimegwu Ojukwu University , Anambra State Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This research focused on the use of coagulation
to remove contaminants (color, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and
chemical oxygen demand (COD)) from a pharmaceutical-based aqueous solution
using cow hoof as a coagulant. The batch system was applied to evaluate the
effect of process-independent variables (coagulant dosage and solution pH) on
the coagulation process. The coagulation kinetics was investigated using
first-order and second-order models. The optimum removal efficiency of
turbidity was predicted using a response surface methodology (RSM) model. The
batch study revealed maximum color and turbidity removal of 84.99% and 78% at
pH 6 and 1 g/l coagulant dosage, whereas COD and TSS removal is 65.2% and 71.8%
at pH 8 and 1.7 g/l dosage. The results also confirm the process to be
dependent on coagulant dosage and pH of the solution. The concordance of the
RSM model’s optimum actual turbidity removal efficiency of 99.84% with R2 of
0.9979 and the model-predicted removal efficiency of 99.46% with predicted R2
of 0.9837 certifies the accuracy of the model prediction. These results confirm
cow hoof as a reliable, cost-effective alternative coagulant for contaminant
removal from pharmaceutical effluents.
Keywords: coagulation, cow hoof, Fourier transform infrared, kinetics, optimization
https://doi.org/10.33922/j.ujet_v11i1_9b
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Published
Monday, February 03, 2025
Issue
Vol. 11 No. 1, June 2025
Article Section
GENERAL
The contents of the articles are the sole opinion of the author(s) and not of UJET.
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